Progesterone

What is Progesterone?

• Oldest known sex hormone.
• Present in every human regardless of age.
• Produced by the ovaries and adrenal gland.
• Secreted by corpus luteum.
• Has receptors in nearly every cell in the body.
• Acts on uterus, kidneys, brain, smooth muscle, breasts, bones, and cellular membranes.
• Metabolized to other active hormones.

What are some of the functions and roles of progesterone in the body?

• Counteracts estrogen's tendency to induce excess growth in the endometrial lining of the uterus.
• Builds new bone tissue, leading to increased bone mass and density.
• Necessary for maintenance of pregnancy.
• Decreases uterine contractions.
• Prepares and maintains uterine lining for implantation of fertilized egg
• Prepares breasts for lactation.
• Assists in raising HDL-cholesterol levels (if combined with estrogen therapy) and ultimately reduces risk of heart disease. Synthetic progesterone (progestin) has an overall negative effect on HDL-cholesterol levels because it vasocontricts.

What is the difference between "progestin" and "progesterone?"

The main difference is in the derivative. Progestin’s are synthetic (i.e. man-made) molecules developed to act like natural progesterone. Natural progesterone is a molecule that is plant derived and is bio-identical to the hormone produced in our bodies. Progestin’s do not have as broad a spectrum of activity as natural progesterone, and have a wide range of side effects. Whereas progesterone may cause some mild to moderate drowsiness, progestin’s can cause:

• breast tenderness
• acne
• depression
• vision changes
• bloating
• migraine headaches
• thrombosis
• decreased glucose tolerance
• gastric regurgitation